Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome
Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS)
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) refers to a group of conditions that arise from the anatomical conformation of short nosed dogs and cats, known as brachycephalic breeds.
Brachycephalic breeds have intentionally been bred to shorten the length of their noses, and thus suffer from the consequential side effects of this breeding. Breeds with flattened noses have a compacted skeleton, resulting in multiple anatomical malformations to the breathing passages. Common examples of brachycephalic dog breeds include Pugs, French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, Pekingese and Boston Terriers. Persian cats are also a brachycephalic breed.
Conditions that comprise BOAS
Stenotic Nares
Brachycephalic breeds have stenotic (narrow) nares (nostrils) and nasal passages. This results in increased resistance to airflow through the nares and nasal passages resulting in an increased effort to breathe. This increased negative pressure in the back of the throat in turn results in stretching of the soft palate.
Elongated Soft Palate
The end of the palate, known as the soft palate, is often excessively lengthened and thickened in brachycephalic breeds. This fleshy tissue is drawn into the larynx during inspiration and vibrates resulting in the classic snore or “stertor” made by brachycephalic breeds. This tissue can block the larynx reducing airflow to the lungs.
Everted Laryngeal Saccules
Laryngeal saccules are sacs that are positioned just in front of the vocal folds in the larynx. The lining of the saccules evert (protrude) into the larynx due to the increased negative pressure generated by brachycephalic breeds during inspiration. These then block the opening to the airway further reducing airflow to the lungs.
Signs of BOAS
How is BOAS diagnosed?
A diagnosis of BOAS is suggested by the signs a cat or dog shows. However, a definitive diagnosis of BOAS is made during an upper airway examination under general anaesthesia. This allows the anatomical malformations to be observed directly.
How is BOAS treated?
BOAS is treated with partial resection of the soft palate (staphylectomy), nares and laryngeal saccules. These procedures reduce the amount of tissue blocking the flow of air to the lungs and improve the quality of life of BOAS patients. Unfortunately, a complete cure for this condition is not possible. Subsequently, a mild degree of noise while breathing may be retained.
What does the surgery cost include?
anaesthetised upper airway assessment
all related surgery fees
overnight hospitalisation with 24 hour vet and nurse care
follow up visits
excludes the cost of consultation
What is the availability for surgery at QVS?
If your pet is a brachycephalic breed or your general practice vet has recommended specialist referral and you would like to discuss treatment, please contact us to schedule a consultation. Having multiple specialists working across our hospitals allows us to offer surgery within days of contacting the hospital.
If you have concerns for your pet in connection to this condition we recommend discussing it with your primary care vet in the first instance, or get in touch with our team for more info.
If you need urgent medical help, contact our 24 hour Pet Emergency team at Stafford, North Lakes, or Sunshine Coast on 1300 QLD VET (1300 753 838)